Virtual “tokens,” which are reflected in the system’s internal ledger, are used to make secure online payments that may be exchanged for real money. These entries are protected using a variety of encryption methods and cryptographic techniques, including elliptical curve encryption, public-private key pairs, and hashing functions.
When it comes to money transfers between two people, a trusted third party like a bank or credit card provider isn’t necessary. Public and private keys, as well as incentive mechanisms like Proof of Work or Proof of Stake, are used to safeguard these transactions.
Using a public key, a user’s “wallet,” or account address, is known to the general public, while the private key, which is only known by the user, is used to sign transactions. Users may avoid the high costs banks and financial institutions charge for wire transfers thanks to the low fees offered by the service.